Margaret Fuller, Writer, Editor, and Early Feminist

The American author, editor, and reformer Margaret Fuller holds a uniquely important place in 19th century history. Often remembered as a colleague and confidante of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others of the New England Transcendentalist movement, Fuller was also a feminist at a time when the role of women in society was severely limited. Fuller published several books, edited a magazine, and was a correspondent for the New York Tribune before dying tragically at the age of 40. Early Life of Margaret Fuller Margaret Fuller was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, on May 23, 1810. Her full name was Sarah Margaret Fuller, but in her professional life she dropped her first name. Fuller’s father, a lawyer who eventually served in Congress, educated young Margaret, following a classical curriculum. At that time, such an education was generally only received by boys. As an adult, Margaret Fuller worked as a teacher, and felt the need to give public lectures. As there were local laws against women giving public addresses, she billed her lectures as â€Å"Conversations,† and in 1839, at the age of 29, began offering them at a bookshop in Boston. Margaret Fuller and the Transcendentalists Fuller became friendly with Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leading advocate of transcendentalism, and moved to Concord, Massachusetts and lived with Emerson and his family. While in Concord, Fuller also became friendly with Henry David Thoreau and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Scholars have noted that both Emerson and Hawthorne, though married men, had unrequited affections for Fuller, who was often described as being both brilliant and beautiful. For two years in the early 1840s Fuller was the editor of The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists. It was in the pages of The Dial that she published one of her significant early feminist works, â€Å"The Great Lawsuit: Man vs. Men, Woman vs. Women.† The title was a reference to individuals and society-imposed gender roles. She would later rework the essay and expand it into a book, Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Margaret Fuller and the New York Tribune In 1844 Fuller caught the attention of Horace Greeley, the editor of the New York Tribune, whose wife had attended some of Fuller’s â€Å"Conversations† in Boston years earlier. Greeley, impressed with Fuller’s writing talent and personality, offered her a job as a book reviewer and correspondent for his newspaper. Fuller was at first skeptical, as she held a low opinion of daily  journalism. But Greeley convinced her that he wanted his newspaper to be a mix of news for the common people as well as an outlet for intellectual writing. Fuller took the job in New York City, and lived with Greeley’s family in Manhattan. She worked for the Tribune from 1844 to 1846, often writing about reformist ideas such as improving conditions in prisons. In 1846 she was invited to join some friends on an extended trip to Europe. Fuller Reports from Europe She left New York, promising Greeley dispatches from London and elsewhere. While in Britain she conducted interviews with notable figures, including the writer Thomas Carlyle. In early 1847 Fuller and her friends traveled to Italy, and she settled in Rome. Ralph Waldo Emerson traveled to Britain in 1847, and sent a message to Fuller, asking her to return to America and live with him (and presumably his family) again at Concord. Fuller, enjoying the freedom she had found in Europe, declined the invitation. In the spring of 1847 Fuller had met a younger man, a 26-year-old Italian nobleman, the Marchese Giovanni Ossoli. They fell in love and Fuller became pregnant with their child. While still mailing dispatches off to Horace Greeley at the New York Tribune, she moved to the Italian countryside and delivered a baby boy in September 1848. Throughout 1848, Italy was in the throes of revolution, and Fuller’s news dispatches described the upheaval. She took pride in the fact that the revolutionaries in Italy drew inspiration from the American Revolution and what they regarded as the democratic ideals of the United States. Margaret Fullers Ill-Fated Return to America In 1849 the rebellion was suppressed, and Fuller, Ossoli, and their son left Rome for Florence. Fuller and Ossoli married and decided to relocate to the United States. In the late spring of 1850 the Ossoli family, not having the money to travel on a newer steamship, booked passage on a sailing ship bound for New York City. The ship, which was carrying a very heavy cargo of Italian marble in its hold, had hard luck from the outset of the voyage. The ships captain became ill, apparently with smallpox, died, and was buried at sea. The first mate took command of the ship, The Elizabeth, in mid-Atlantic, and managed to reach the east coast of America. However, the acting captain became disoriented in a heavy storm, and the ship ran aground on a sandbar off Long Island in the early morning hours of July 19, 1850. With its hold full of marble, the ship couldnt be freed. Though grounded within sight of the shoreline, enormous waves prevented those on board from reaching safety. Margaret Fuller’s baby son was given to a crew member, who tied him to his chest and tried to swim to shore. Both of them drowned. Fuller and her husband also drowned when the ship was eventually swamped by waves. Hearing the news in Concord, Ralph Waldo Emerson was devastated. He dispatched Henry David Thoreau to the shipwreck site on Long Island in hopes of retrieving Margaret Fuller’s body. Thoreau was deeply shaken by what he witnessed. Wreckage and bodies kept washing ashore, but the bodies of Fuller and her husband were never located. Legacy of Margaret Fuller In the years after her death, Greeley, Emerson, and others edited collections of Fullers writings. Literary scholars contend that Nathanial Hawthorne used her as a model for strong women in his writings. Had Fuller lived past the age of 40, there’s no telling what role she might have played during the critical decade of the 1850s. As it is, her writings and the conduct of her life served as an inspiration to later advocates for women’s rights.

The Amendment Of The United States Constitution - 833 Words

The right to express ones opinions without censorship or restraint can be considered as a basic provision enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. To elaborate, the first amendment to the constitution prohibit the legislative arm of government in making of any law abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press and prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. Post this amendment, there have been several cases where the Supreme Court has been required to interpret or make a decision to uphold its provisions. One of such landmark cases is the Hazelwood School District vs Kuhlmeier. The case involved two articles that were refused publication by a principal in a student newspaper. One of the articles dealt with the experience of students whose parents are divorce and the other with teenage pregnancy. In my view, the Supreme Court decision that restricting free speech is acceptable when the newspaper is not public is appropriate. First of all, the Students produced the school newspaper as part of their journalism class. Therefore it cannot be classified as a public newspaper that could leverage the provisions of the bill of rights. For this reason, the principal in my opinion has the rights to censor such school-sponsored student publications when they have purposes reasonably related to genuine educational concerns. The educational concerns may be related to the impact of the articles on teenageShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution was added as part of the Bill of Rights on December 15, 1791. It deals with protecting people from the searching of their homes and private property without properly executed search warrants. The 4th Amendment specifically states: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported byRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution877 Words   |  4 PagesThe right to vote for American citizens is the fifteen amendment of the United States constitution. In this amendment, no citizen may be deny to vote base on color or race. For this, many more citizens of the United States are able to vote, even if they are a minority. However, the United States does not have a high turnout rate on elections. As a result, voter participation has an effect on public policies; additionally, Americans do not have a strong ethical duty to vote. Therefore, politiciansRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution1767 Words   |  8 Pagescaptain’s etc. With the recent rise in officer involved shootings, the demand for less lethal force measures has begun to rise. The eighth amendment of the United States Constitution was made for protection against cruel and unusual punishment; if an officer uses lethal force in an altercation they have deprived that person of their rights. Also the fourteenth amendment gives us the right to due process; lethal force deprives us of that right. There is a saying that has come to light recently that lawRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution2174 Words   |  9 PagesThe 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution protects equal rights for everybody. This includes the right to equal opportunity for education for all. Jonathan Kozol, non-fictional writer, is best known for his books on public education in the United States. 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For almost two hundred twenty four years, this has been what our country has been following to thisRead MoreThe First Amendment Of The United States Constitution915 Words   |  4 PagesThese 45 words of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution embody some of our most important ideas about the meaning of liberty. A nationally recognized leader in the field of law related citizen education has truly broken down the importance of the First Amendment and he say, â€Å"Remove the First Amendment from the United States Constitution and you strike out the very means of testing the other rights and of protesting abuses of government.† The First Amendment includes six clauses thatRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1327 Words   |  6 Pagesfourth amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, and was introduced to Congress by James Madison in 1789. The role of the Fourth Amendment is to prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and a warrant is to be required that is supported by probable cause. Even though the Amendment was introduced in 1789, it wasn’t adopted as an official amendment until 1792, because in December of 1791 three quarters of the states had ratified the amendment. The fourth amendment hadRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution applies to a person and their home by providing protection against unreasonable seizures and searches. While it provides protection, not every search and seizure can be deemed unreasonable unless it is cl assified as per the law, by determining whether there was: a) the level of intrusion of the individuals Fourth Amendment, and b) whether or not it pertains to the government’s interest, such as safety of the public. The right to protectionRead MoreThe Second Amendment Of The United States Constitution1774 Words   |  8 PagesIt is not the duty of the federal government to dictate what a citizen chooses to legally defend themselves with. The second amendment of the United States Constitution was ratified on the 15 of December, 1791 and was drafted by future president James Madison. The text of the second amendment reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† There has been much debate in our country regarding theRead MoreFourth Amendment Of United States Constitution1139 Words   |  5 PagesSomalaraju Sateesh Kumar Raju 700628655 1. Fourth amendment of United States Constitution protects people from being undergone unwarranted searches and prevent their things from being taken away by authorities without proper authorization. If any government official or agent want to search an individual or their belongings, they should have proper reason to do that and get permission from the judge. Fourth amendment of United States constitution states that it is â€Å"the right of the people to be secure

Shadow Kiss Chapter 2 Free Essays

TWO Or, well, it looked like mason. He – or it or whatever – was hard to see. I had to keep squinting and blinking to get him in focus. We will write a custom essay sample on Shadow Kiss Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now His form was insubstantial – almost translucent – and kept fading in and out of my field of vision. But yes, from what I could see, he definitely looked like Mason. His features were washed out, making his fair skin look whiter than I recalled. His reddish hair now appeared as a faint, watery orange. I could barely even see his freckles. He was wearing exactly what I’d last seen him in: jeans and a yellow fleece jacket. The edge of a green sweater peeped out from underneath the coat’s hem. Those colors, too, were all softened. He looked like a photograph that someone had left out in the sun, causing it to fade. A very, very faint glow seemed to outline his features. The part that struck me the most – aside from the fact that he was supposed to be dead – was the look on his face. It was sad – so, so sad. Looking into his eyes, I felt my heart break. All the memories of what had taken place just a few weeks ago came rushing back to me. I saw it all again: his body falling, the cruel look on the Strigoi faces†¦. A lump formed in my throat. I stood there frozen, stunned and unable to move. He studied me too, his expression never changing. Sad. Grim. Serious. He opened his mouth, like he might speak, and then closed it. Several more heavy moments hung between us, and then he lifted his hand and extended it toward me. Something in that motion snapped me out of my daze. No, this could not be happening. I wasn’t seeing this. Mason was dead. I’d seen him die. I’d held his body. His fingers moved slightly, like he was beckoning, and I panicked. Backing up a few steps, I put distance between us and waited to see what would happen. He didn’t follow. He simply stood there, hand still in the air. My heart lurched, and I turned and ran. When I’d almost reached the door, I stopped and glanced back, letting my ragged breathing calm down. The clearing he’d stood in was completely empty. I made it up to my room and slammed the door behind me, hands shaking. I sank onto my bed and replayed what had just happened. What the hell? That had not been real. No way. Impossible. Mason was dead, and everyone knows the dead don’t come back. Well, yeah, I had come back†¦but that was a different situation. Clearly, I’d imagined this. That was it. It had to be. I was overtired and still reeling from Lissa and Christian, not to mention that Victor Dashkov news. Probably the cold had frozen part of my brain too. Yes, the more I thought about it, the more I decided there had to be a hundred explanations for what had just happened. Yet, no matter how often I told myself that, I couldn’t fall back asleep. I lay in my bed, covers pulled to my chin as I tried to banish that haunting image from my mind. I couldn’t. All I could see were those sad, sad eyes, those eyes that seemed to say, Rose, why did you let this happen to me? I squeezed my eyes shut, trying not to think about him. Since Mason’s funeral, I’d been working so hard to go on and act like I was strong. But the truth was, I was nowhere near being over his death. I tortured myself day after day with what if? questions. What if I’d been faster and stronger during the Strigoi fight? What if I hadn’t told him where the Strigoi were in the first place? And what if I’d simply been able to return his love? Any of those could have kept him alive, but none of them had happened. And it was all my fault. â€Å"I imagined it,† I whispered out loud into the darkness of my room. I had to have imagined it. Mason already haunted my dreams. I didn’t need to see him when I was awake too. â€Å"It wasn’t him.† It couldn’t have been him, because the only way it could have been was†¦Well, that was something I didn’t want to think about. Because while I believed in vampires and magic and psychic powers, I most certainly did not believe in ghosts. I apparently didn’t believe in sleep, either, because I didn’t get much of it that night. I tossed and turned, unable to quiet my racing mind. I eventually did drift off, but it seemed like my alarm went off so soon after that I could have hardly slept for more than a few minutes. Among humans, the light of day tends to chase off nightmares and fear. I had no such daylight; I awoke to increasing darkness. But just being out with real and living people had nearly the same effect, and as I went to breakfast and my morning practice, I found that what I’d seen last night – or what I thought I’d seen last night – was growing fainter and fainter in my memory. The weirdness of that encounter was also being replaced by something else: excitement. This was it. The big day. The start of our field experience. For the next six weeks, I wouldn’t have any classes. I’d get to spend my days hanging out with Lissa, and the most I’d have to do was write a daily field report that was only about a half-page long. Easy. And, yeah, of course I’d be on guard duty, but I wasn’t concerned. That was second nature to me. She and I had lived among humans for two years, and I’d protected her the whole time. Before that, when I’d been a freshman, I’d seen the kinds of tests the adult guardians planned for novices during this phase. The ordeals were tricky, absolutely. A novice had to be on watch and not slack – and be ready to defend and attack if necessary. None of that worried me, though. Lissa and I had been away from the school our sophomore and junior years, and I’d fallen behind then. Thanks to my extra practices with Dimitri, I’d quickly caught up and was now one of the best in my class. â€Å"Hey, Rose.† Eddie Castile caught up to me as I walked into the gym where our field experience orientation would kick off. For a brief moment, looking at Eddie, my heart sank. Suddenly, it was like I was out in the quad again with Mason, staring at his sorrowful face. Eddie – along with Lissa’s boyfriend, Christian, and a Moroi named Mia – had been with our group when we’d been captured by Strigoi. Eddie hadn’t died, obviously, but he’d come very close to it. The Strigoi who’d held us had used him as food, feeding from him throughout our capture in an effort to tease the Moroi and scare the dhampirs. It had worked; I’d been terrified. Poor Eddie had been unconscious for most of the ordeal, thanks to blood loss and the endorphins that came from a vampire’s bite. He’d been Mason’s best friend and nearly as funny and lighthearted. But since we’d escaped, Eddie had changed, just like I had. He was still quick to smile and laugh, but there was a grimness to him now, a dark and serious look in his eyes that was always on guard for the worst to happen. That was understandable, of course. He pretty much had seen the worst happen. Just like with Mason’s death, I held myself responsible for this transformation in Eddie and for what he’d suffered at the hands of the Strigoi. That may not have been fair to me, but I couldn’t help it. I felt like I owed him now, like I needed to protect him or make things up to him somehow. And that was kind of funny, because I think Eddie was trying to protect me. He wasn’t stalking me or anything, but I’d noticed him keeping an eye on me. I think after what had happened, he felt he owed it to Mason to watch over his girlfriend. I never bothered to tell Eddie that I hadn’t been Mason’s girlfriend, not in the real sense of the word, just as I never rebuked Eddie for his big brother behavior. I could certainly take care of myself. But whenever I heard him warning other guys away from me, pointing out that I wasn’t ready to date anyone yet, I saw no point in interfering. It was all true. I wasn’t ready to date. Eddie gave me a lopsided smile that added a little boy type of cuteness to his long face. â€Å"Are you excited?† â€Å"Hell, yeah,† I said. Our classmates were filling in bleachers on one side of the gym, and we found a clear spot near the middle. â€Å"It’s going to be like a vacation. Me and Lissa, together for six weeks.† As frustrating as our bond was sometimes, it nonetheless made me her ideal guardian. I always knew where she was and what was happening to her. Once we graduated and were out in the world, I’d be assigned to her officially. He turned thoughtful. â€Å"Yeah, I guess you don’t have to worry as much. You know your assignment when you graduate. The rest of us aren’t so lucky.† â€Å"You got your sights set on someone royal?† I teased. â€Å"Well, it doesn’t matter. Most guardians are assigned to royals lately anyway.† That was true. Dhampirs – half-vampires like me – were in short supply, and royals usually got first pick of guardians. There was a time in the past when more Moroi, royal and non-royal alike, would have gotten guardians, and novices like us would have competed fiercely to get assigned to someone important. Now it was almost a given that every guardian would work for a royal family. There weren’t enough of us to go around, and less influential families were on their own. â€Å"Still,† I said, â€Å"I guess it’s a question of which royal you get, right? I mean, some are total snobs, but lots of them are cool. Get someone really rich and powerful, and you could be living at the Royal Court or traveling to exotic places.† That last part appealed to me a lot, and I often had fantasies of Lissa and me traveling the world. â€Å"Yup,† agreed Eddie. He nodded toward a few guys in the front row. â€Å"You wouldn’t believe the way those three have been sucking up to some of the Ivashkovs and Szelskys. It won’t affect their assignments here, of course, but you can tell they’re already trying to set things up after graduation.† â€Å"Well, the field experience can affect that. How we’re rated on this will go into our records.† Eddie nodded again and started to say something when a loud, clear feminine voice cut through the murmur of our conversation. We both looked up. While we’d been talking, our instructors had gathered in front of the bleachers and now stood facing us in an impressive line. Dimitri was among them, dark and imposing and irresistible. Alberta was trying to call us to attention. The crowd fell silent. â€Å"All right,† she began. Alberta was in her fifties, wiry and tough. Seeing her reminded me of the conversation she and Dimitri had had last night, but I filed that away for later. Victor Dashkov was not going to ruin this moment. â€Å"You all know why you’re here.† We’d become so quiet, so tense and excited, that her voice now rang through the gym. â€Å"This is the most important day of your education before you take your final trials. Today you will find out which Moroi you’ve been placed with. Last week, you were given a booklet with the full details of how the next six weeks will play out. I trust you’ve all read it by now.† I had, actually. I’d probably never read anything so thoroughly in my life. â€Å"Just to recap, Guardian Alto will highlight the main rules of this exercise.† She handed a clipboard to Guardian Stan Alto. He was one of my least favorite instructors, but after Mason’s death, some of the tension between us had lightened. We understood each other better now. â€Å"Here we go,† said Stan gruffly. â€Å"You’ll be on duty six days a week. This is actually a treat for you guys. In the real world, you’re usually working every day. You will accompany your Moroi everywhere – to class, to their dorms, to their feedings. Everything. It’s up to you to figure out how you fit into their lives. Some Moroi interact with their guardians just like friends; some Moroi prefer you to be more of an invisible ghost who doesn’t talk to them.† Did he have to use the word ghost? â€Å"Every situation is different, and you two will have to find a way to work it out to best ensure their safety. â€Å"Attacks may come at any time, anywhere, and we’ll be dressed in all black when it happens. You should always be on your guard. Remember, even though you’ll obviously know it’s us doing the attacking and not real Strigoi, you should respond as though your lives are in terrible, immediate danger. Don’t be afraid of hurting us. Some of you, I’m sure, won’t have any qualms about getting us back for past grievances.† Students in the crowd giggled at this. â€Å"But some of you may feel like you have to hold back, for fear of getting in trouble. Don’t. You’ll get in more trouble if you do hold back. Don’t worry. We can take it.† He flipped to the next page of his clipboard. â€Å"You will be on duty twenty-four hours a day for your six-day cycles, but you may sleep during daylight when your Moroi does. Just be aware that although Strigoi attacks are rare in daylight, they aren’t impossible indoors, and you will not necessarily be ‘safe’ during these times.† Stan read over a few more technicalities, and I found myself tuning them out. I knew this stuff. We all did. Glancing around, I could see I wasn’t alone in my impatience. Excitement and apprehension crackled in the crowd. Hands were clenched. Eyes were wide. We all wanted our assignments. We all wanted this to begin. When Stan finished, he handed the clipboard to Alberta. â€Å"Okay,† she said. â€Å"I’m going to call out your names one by one and announce who you’re paired with. At that time, come down here to the floor, and Guardian Chase will give you a packet containing information about your Moroi’s schedule, past, etcetera.† We all straightened up as she leafed through her papers. Students whispered. Beside me, Eddie exhaled heavily. â€Å"Oh man. I hope I get someone good,† he muttered. â€Å"I don’t want to be miserable for the next six weeks.† I squeezed his arm reassuringly. â€Å"You will,† I whispered back. â€Å"Er, get someone good, I mean. Not be miserable.† â€Å"Ryan Aylesworth,† Alberta announced clearly. Eddie flinched, and I instantly knew why. Before, Mason Ashford had always been the first one called on any class lists. That would never happen again. â€Å"You are assigned to Camille Conta.† â€Å"Damn,† muttered someone behind us, who’d apparently been hoping to get Camille. Ryan was one of the suck-ups in the front row, and he grinned broadly as he walked over to take his packet. The Contas were an up-and-coming royal family. It was rumored that one of their members was a candidate for when the Moroi queen eventually named her heir. Plus, Camille was pretty cute. Following her around wouldn’t be too hard for any guy. Ryan, walking with a swagger, seemed very pleased with himself. â€Å"Dean Barnes,† she said next. â€Å"You have Jesse Zeklos.† â€Å"Ugh,† Eddie and I both said together. If I’d been assigned to Jesse, he would have needed an extra person to protect him. From me. Alberta kept reading names, and I noticed Eddie was sweating. â€Å"Please, please let me get someone good,† he muttered. â€Å"You will,† I said. â€Å"You will.† â€Å"Edison Castile,† Alberta announced. He gulped. â€Å"Vasilisa Dragomir.† Eddie and I both froze for the space of a heartbeat, and then duty made him stand up and head toward the floor. As he stepped down the bleachers, he shot me a quick, panicked look over his shoulder. His expression seemed to say, I don’t know! I don’t know! That made two of us. The world around me slowed to a blur. Alberta kept calling names, but I didn’t hear any of them. What was going on? Clearly, someone had made a mistake. Lissa was my assignment. She had to be. I was going to be her guardian when we graduated. This made no sense. Heart racing, I watched Eddie walk over to Guardian Chase and get his packet and practice stake. He glanced down at the papers immediately, and I suspected he was double-checking the name, certain there was a mix-up. The expression on his face when he looked up told me that it was Lissa’s name he’d found. I took a deep breath. Okay. No need to panic just yet. Someone had made a clerical error here, one that could be fixed. In fact, they’d have to fix it soon. When they got to me and read Lissa’s name again, they were going to realize they’d double-booked one of the Moroi. They’d straighten it out and give Eddie someone else. After all, there were plenty of Moroi to go around. They outnumbered dhampirs at the school. â€Å"Rosemarie Hathaway.† I tensed. â€Å"Christian Ozera.† I simply stared at Alberta, unable to move or respond. No. She had not just said what I thought. A few people, noticing my lack of movement, glanced back at me. But I was dumbstruck. This wasn’t happening. My Mason delusion from last night seemed more real than this. A few moments later, Alberta also realized I wasn’t moving. She looked up from her clipboard with annoyance, scanning the crowd. â€Å"Rose Hathaway?† Someone elbowed me, like maybe I didn’t recognize my own name. Swallowing, I stood and walked down the bleachers, robot-like. There was a mistake. There had to be a mistake. I headed toward Guardian Chase, feeling like a puppet that someone else was controlling. He handed me my packet and a practice stake meant to â€Å"kill† the adult guardians with, and I stepped out of the way for the next person. Disbelieving, I read the words on the packet’s cover three times. Christian Ozera. Flipping it open, I saw his life spread out before me. A current picture. His class schedule. His family tree. His bio. It even went into detail about his parents’ tragic history, how they’d chosen to become Strigoi and had murdered several people before finally being hunted down and killed. Our directions at this point had been to read through our dossiers, pack a bag, and then meet up with our Moroi at lunch. As more names were called, many of my classmates lingered around the gym, talking to their friends and showing off their packets. I hovered near one group, discreetly waiting for a chance to talk to Alberta and Dimitri. It was a sign of my newly developing patience that I didn’t walk right up to them then and there and demand answers. Believe me, I wanted to. Instead, I let them go through their list, but it felt like forever. Honestly, how long did it take to read a bunch of names? When the last novice had been assigned his Moroi, Stan shouted above the din for us to move on to the next stage of the assignment and tried to herd out my classmates. I cut through the crowd and stalked up to Dimitri and Alberta, who blessedly were standing with each other. They were chatting about something administrative and didn’t notice me right away. When they did glance at me, I held up my packet and pointed. â€Å"What’s this?† Alberta’s face looked blank and confused. Something in Dimitri’s told me he’d been expecting this. â€Å"It’s your assignment, Miss Hathaway,† Alberta said. â€Å"No,† I said through gritted teeth. â€Å"It’s not. This is somebody else’s assignment.† â€Å"The assignments in your field experience aren’t optional,† she told me sternly. â€Å"Just as your assignments in the real world won’t be. You can’t pick who you protect based on whim and mood, not here and certainly not after graduation.† â€Å"But after graduation, I’m going to be Lissa’s guardian!† I exclaimed. â€Å"Everyone knows that. I’m supposed to have her for this thing.† â€Å"I know it’s an accepted idea that you’ll be together after graduation, but I do not recall any mandatory rulings that say you’re ‘supposed’ to have her or anyone here at school. You take who you’re assigned.† â€Å"Christian?† I threw my packet on the floor. â€Å"You’re out of your mind if you think I’m guarding him.† â€Å"Rose!† snapped Dimitri, joining the conversation at last. His voice was so hard and so sharp that I flinched and forgot what I was saying for half a second. â€Å"You’re out of line. You do not speak to your instructors like that.† I hated being chastised by anyone. I especially hated being chastised by him. And I especially hated being chastised by him when he was right. But I couldn’t help it. I was too angry, and the lack of sleep was taking its toll. My nerves felt raw and strained, and suddenly, little things seemed difficult to bear. And big things like this? Impossible to bear. â€Å"Sorry,† I said with great reluctance. â€Å"But this is stupid. Nearly as stupid as not bringing us to Victor Dashkov’s trial.† Alberta blinked in surprise. â€Å"How did you know – Never mind. We’ll deal with that later. For now, this is your assignment, and you need to do it.† Eddie suddenly spoke up beside me, his voice filled with apprehension. I’d lost track of him earlier. â€Å"Look †¦ I don’t mind†¦. We can switch†¦.† Alberta turned her stony gaze from me to him. â€Å"No, you certainly cannot. Vasilisa Dragomir is your assignment.† She looked back at me. â€Å"And Christian Ozera is yours. End of discussion.† â€Å"This is stupid!† I repeated. â€Å"Why should I waste my time with Christian? Lissa’s the one I’m going to be with when I graduate. Seems like if you want me to be able to do a good job, you should have me practice with her.† â€Å"You will do a good job with her,† said Dimitri. â€Å"Because you know her. And you have your bond. But somewhere, someday, you could end up with a different Moroi. You need to learn how to guard someone with whom you have absolutely no experience.† â€Å"I have experience with Christian,† I grumbled. â€Å"That’s the problem. I hate him.† Okay, that was a huge exaggeration. Christian annoyed me, true, but I didn’t really hate him. As I’d said, working together against the Strigoi had changed a lot of things. Again, I felt like my lack of sleep and general irritability were cranking up the magnitude of everything. â€Å"So much the better,† said Alberta. â€Å"Not everyone you protect will be your friend. Not everyone you protect will be someone you like. You need to learn this.† â€Å"I need to learn how to fight Strigoi,† I said. â€Å"I’ve learned that in class.† I fixed them with a sharp look, ready to play my trump card. â€Å"And I’ve done it in person.† â€Å"There’s more to this job than the technicalities, Miss Hathaway. There’s a whole personal aspect – a bedside manner, if you will – that we don’t touch on much in class. We teach you how to deal with the Strigoi. You need to learn how to deal with the Moroi yourselves. And you in particular need to deal with someone who has not been your best friend for years.† â€Å"You also need to learn what it’s like to work with someone when you can’t instantly sense that they’re in danger,† added Dimitri. â€Å"Right,† agreed Alberta. â€Å"That’s a handicap. If you want to be a good guardian – if you want to be an excellent guardian – then you need to do as we say.† I opened my mouth to fight this, to argue that having someone I was so close to would train me up faster and make me a better guardian for any other Moroi. Dimitri cut me off. â€Å"Working with another Moroi will also help keep Lissa alive,† he said. That shut me down. It was pretty much the only thing that could have, and damn him, he knew it. â€Å"What do you mean?† I asked. â€Å"Lissa’s got a handicap too – you. If she never has a chance to learn what it’s like to be guarded by someone without a psychic connection, she could be at greater risk if attacked. Guarding someone is really a two-person relationship. This assignment for your field experience is as much for her as for you.† I stayed silent as I processed his words. They almost made sense. â€Å"And,† added Alberta, â€Å"it’s the only assignment you’re going to get. If you don’t take it, then you opt out of the field experience.† Opt out? Was she crazy? It wasn’t like a class I could sit out from for one day. If I didn’t do my field experience, I didn’t graduate. I wanted to explode about unfairness, but Dimitri stopped me without saying a word. The constant, calm look in his dark eyes held me back, encouraging me to accept this gracefully – or as close as I could manage. Reluctantly I picked up the packet. â€Å"Fine,† I said icily. â€Å"I’ll do this. But I want it noted that I’m doing this against my will.† â€Å"I think we already figured that out, Miss Hathaway,† remarked Alberta dryly. â€Å"Whatever. I still think it’s a horrible idea, and you eventually will too.† I turned and stormed off across the gym before any of them could respond. In doing so, I fully realized what a bitchy little brat I sounded like. But if they’d just endured their best friend’s sex life, seen a ghost, and hardly gotten any sleep, they’d have been bitchy too. Plus, I was about to spend six weeks with Christian Ozera. He was sarcastic, difficult, and made jokes about everything. Actually, he was a lot like me. It was going to be a long six weeks. How to cite Shadow Kiss Chapter 2, Essay examples

Finance Earnings and Desire of Shareholders

Question: Discuss about theFinancefor Earnings and Desire of Shareholders. Answer: Stating the Factors that Might Influence Payment of Dividend: The main factors that might influence payment of dividend are magnitude of earnings, desire of shareholders, nature of industry, liquidity position, future requirements business risk and agency cost. These factors mainly affect the dividend payment policy of the company, which might help in generating demand among potential investors. Liu, Uchida Yang (2014) mentioned that companies with the consistent dividend payout are able to inflate their share price and generate high capital from IPO sale. On the contrary, Hernndez Junca (2015) argued that after the dividend payment, short-term traders mainly exit their position, which nominally reduces share price of the company. In addition, increasing profitability and general reserves mainly increase the expectations of the investor for higher dividends, which in turn inflates its share price. Moreover, investors for making an adequate investment decision mainly use the dividend payout ratio or yield. Commenting on Joe Smolinski's Suggestion for Not Paying the Dividend: Joe Smolinkskis main comment was that if it aint broke we should not fix it. This phrase mainly referred to the deteriorating divined policy of the company. The company should only take action if its dividend policy backlashes and hinders its growth prospects. Due to non-payment of dividends, the company share price has mainly fallen from $25 to $2 and is currently trading at $8. The past dividends are mainly used in the Gordon growth model by high-end investors, which depict the actual share price value of the company. The investors are not able to detect the actual value of companies share price that does not pay any dividend by using the dividend discount model. Li, He Tang (2014) argued that non-dividend payment companies have less debt accumulation as the dividend amount is reinvested in the company for improving its growth and generate higher return. Providing Relevant Explanation and Critically Evaluating the Jim Baker's Argument: From the case study, it could be evaluated that the company has been operating with shareholders money for 4 year and have not paid any dividend, which has drastically reduced its share price from $25 to $2. This drastic decline in share price value is due to the non-payment of dividends, which have decreased the interest of investors in the company. LUO WU (2016) mentioned that long-term investors mainly choose companies that provide consistent dividends, which might help in depicting financial stability and generate return from its investment. On the contrary, Coetzee de (2014) argued that short-term investors mainly evaluate the price movement and does not relate to the dividend policy of the company. The share price will suffer if the company does not pay the dividends this year as its shown promising returns and has been declining the demands of the investors. The non-payment of dividends could reduce the interest of the current investor and generate a massive sale of shares, which might negatively affect the current share price of the company. Pension funds, insurance companies and mutual funds investor hold 43% of the total shares of the company, which mainly relies on dividends. Thus, non-payment of dividends might instigate a major sell signal for the institutional investors and share price of the company might suffer in near future (De Mpinda 2013). Commenting on the Dividend Payment Debate Stated in New Wave Corporation: The company has been generating goods profits after the IPO issues but the directors of the company instead of providing dividends retained the profit for reinvestment in the business. However, the reinvestment decision of the directors was mainly fruitful during the troubles time that was faced by the company. This reinvestment policy mainly reduced the debt accumulation, which might have conducted during the economic downturn. Currently the share price of the company has declined from its previous high of $25, due to the unexpected downturn in the economy. However, the share price of the company increased from $2 to $8 but was not able to touch its previous high due to its no dividend policy. Viviers, Firer Muller (2013) mentioned that adaptation of no dividend policy mainly reduces its fiction in attracting long-term potential investors, which might provide the required capital to the company for achieving the targeted goals. On the contrary, Kao Chen (2013) argued that currentl y companies mainly use the debt accumulation strategy, which allows them to get extra exemption from tax and improve their profit retention capacity. Particular Amount Retained earnings 1,000,000 Cash 250,000 Total cash available 1,250,000 Investment needed 1,000,000 Cash balance 250,000 Cash retention 150,000 Dividend paid 100,000 Dividend per share 0.1 Table 1: Stating the dividend per share (Source: As mentioned in the case study) Bob McKay mainly commented on using the residual dividend policy method, which might help in supporting the companys capital structure requirements and improve its dividend yield. The table 1 could effectively depict the residual dividend policy, which might be used for improving the dividend yield of the company. Balachandran, Krishnamurti, Theobald Vidanapathirana (2012) argued that residual dividend policy portrays unstable dividend payment structure, which increase the risk of investment for investors. In this context, Giugale Nguyen (2014) further stated that investors mainly ignore companies with unstable dividend policy, which negatively affects its share price valuation. Particular Amount Retained earnings 1,000,000 Cash 250,000 Total cash available 1,250,000 Investment needed 1,000,000 Cash balance 250,000 Cash retention 150,000 Amount used for share buy back 100,000 Current share price 8 Number of share buy back 12,500 Table 2: Stating the number of shares bought back (Source: As mentioned in the case study) However, Edwin mainly stated that stock repurchase could be conducted after fulfilling the investment needs of the company. Companies to improve their overall EPS and project a healthy investment opportunity to the investors mainly use stock repurchase method (Liu, Uchida Yang 2014). The method could only help the company to repurchase 12500 shares in the current price, which might not help in creating the required demand for its stocks. On the contrary, Hernndez Junca (2015) criticises that stock repurchase does not help if the company invests in own stocks and cannot generate income from other source. After the evaluation of New Wave Corporation income and balance sheet statement, it could be found that the company has made adequate income this fiscal year. However, the investment of 1,000,000 is mainly needed and the retained income is 1,000,000. The company has not paid any kind of dividend to its shareholders after generating higher income from shareholders money. Thus, declaration of dividends could be helpful in generating interest of investors and boosts companies overall share price. Coetzee de (2014) mentioned that continuity in dividend declaration mainly allows companies to attract high-end investors, which might help in improving both share price and investment capital. The main reason behind the payment of dividends is the high-retained income and cash availability achieved by the company. Generally, there are five different type of dividend payment policy, which is adopted by the company. These dividend payment policies are effectively depicted as follows. Regular Stock Dividends: This type of dividend policy is mainly used by companies who needs the dividend amount to boosts its capital structure. The companies mainly provide stock dividends, which might reduce EPS of the company and hamper investors perception (Giugale Nguyen 2014). The stock dividends policy hampers the share value and investment capital, which might be generated from capital market. Regular Extra Dividends: The extra divined are only provided by companies that follow a stable dividend policy. The companies mainly pay extra dividends when there is an excess income attained during the fiscal year. These types of dividends are mainly used to companies to instigate demand among potential investors and increase their share price (Balachandran, Krishnamurti, Theobald Vidanapathirana 2012). No Immediate Dividends: This type dividend policy mainly adopted by the companies that are new and have huge capital needs. The dividend amount is mainly reinvested in the business for improving its capital structure. However, the company needs to pay bonuses in form of stocks, which might increase the dividend amount (Kao Chen 2013). Stable Dividends: The stable dividend policy is mainly adopted by the firms, which provide fixed income to its shareholders regardless of the fluctuation in its income. The primary focus of the company is to maintain the dividend rate, which might help in accumulating high end investors (Viviers, Firer Muller 2013). Irregular or Residual Dividend: Companies to support its capital structure needs mainly use irregular or residual dividend policy. This policy mainly uses the retained income for supporting its investment needs and the balance amount is paid to the shareholders. Li, He Tang (2014) mentioned that irregular dividend policy allows companies to reduce the investment expenditure, which might incur during the expansion process. New Wave Corporation could effectively use the residual or irregular dividend policy, which was depicted by Bob McKay. This policy could effectively help the company by supporting the capital expenditure needs during the expansion or capital restructuring process. Furthermore, high cash dividend could also be paid during the non-investment years, which could help investors maintain high level of interest in the company. Reference: Balachandran, B., Krishnamurti, C., Theobald, M., Vidanapathirana, B. (2012). Dividend reductions, the timing of dividend payments and information content.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(5), 1232-1247. Coetzee, M. S., de Wet, J. (2014). Dividend Tax, Dividend Payments and Share Values: A South African Perspective.Corporate Ownership Control,11(3), 242252. De Wet, J., Mpinda, M. (2013). The impact of dividend payments on shareholders' wealth: evidence from the Vector Error Correction Model.De Wet, JH vH. Mpinda, M, 1451-1465. Giugale, M., Nguyen, N. T. V. (2014). Money to the People: Estimates of the Potential Scale of Direct Dividend Payments in Africa.Center for Global Development, Policy Paper,43. Hernndez, C., Junca, M. (2015). Optimal dividend payments under a time of ruin constraint: Exponential claims.Insurance: Mathematics and Economics,65, 136-142. Kao, L., Chen, A. (2013). How product market competition affects dividend payments in a weak investor protection economy: Evidence from Taiwan.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,25, 21-39. Li, W. X., He, T. T., Tang, G. Y. (2014). Ultimate control, expropriation and dividend payments: a reputation management perspective.Journal of General Management,40(2). Liu, C., Uchida, K., Yang, Y. (2014). Controlling shareholder, split-share structure reform and cash dividend payments in China.International Review of Economics Finance,29, 339-357. LUO, Q., WU, Z. (2016). Agency Problem between Controlling and Minority Shareholders and Corporate Cash Dividend.Journal of Management,3, 010. Viviers, S., Firer, C., Muller, C. (2013). A review of the dividend payments of South African listed companies during the period 1977-2011.Management Dynamics,22(4), 2.

Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources free essay sample

ACTIVITY A – INFORMATION SHEET FOR THE NOKE BY THISTLE HOTEL (742 WORDS) Organisation / Products / Services The Noke by Thistle is a Thistle Hotel, owned by Guoman Hotels, located in Chiswell Green, St. Albans. Situated just off junction 21A of the M25 and junction 6 of the M1, its location is perfect for both travelling business clients and those seeking leisure breaks. The hotel offers a wide range of products and services, spanning from accommodation, breakfast lunch and dinner services, conference rooms and locations for both wedding services and wedding receptions. Couples to be married at the site are allocated a wedding planner to organise and to help manage their perfect day. The Wedding Planner has contacts with photographers, dressmakers, caterers and other companies. They are trained to liase with the couple at an informal meeting to get to know how they imagine their special day to be. Customers During the week, our customers are made up of predominantly business clients from organisations all over the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is vital that sound relationships with businesses are retained and accommodation deals are arranged with each company to keep these relationships. At the weekend the hotel hosts numerous functions and is mainly occupied by families. With a large marquee in the grounds, the venue is used for christenings, birthday celebrations, retirements, Christmas parties and of course weddings amongst others. In the winter months the marquee is fully heated allowing the venue to be used all year round. The on site creche service allows parents to leave their children in the care of child care professionals, allowing them to enjoy weddings, parties and other such functions. Purpose / goals The organisation provides comfortable bedrooms, conference rooms, wedding venues, high quality food and drink and a pleasurable stay that satisfy customers. The following focus points allow this to be achieved. Providing a quality gym to allow both business and non – business clients to relax and unwind. Plans to offer more classes at the gym. Recent refurbishment of rooms to exceed customer requirements. Internet access Tailoring menus to different functions. Look to expand conference facilities. Look to introducing a â€Å"baby listening† service for guests attending a function at the hotel. External factors and their impact A PEST analysis can be undertaken by the organisation to recognise the external factors that may affect its future direction. †¢ Political – land behind the hotel – planning permission to external body resulted on objections from the local residents. The local council opposed, as confirmed by the General ma nager (2011). †¢ Economic – recession – had to reduce room prices to meet customer needs. Social – immigration quota. CIPD 2011. Changing immigration laws will mean a reduced pool to recruit staff from when resourcing will be particularly evident over the coming Summer months at the height of the hotels busiest period. †¢ Technological – staff training on new software programme Opera. Transition from current software programme Fidelio to Opera to keep up with technological advances, as recognised by Line Manger A (2011). Structure The Noke by Thistle adopts the Matrix model because different departments eport into other departments as well as their own superior, which allows it to meet its strategic aims. (See appendices page 1). The following functions help contribute to the organisation’s success; †¢ Events – Take and manage conference room bookings. Relationships are built with different companies, the reputation increases and the business comes back time after time. †¢ Housekeeping – Ensure that rooms are spotless and match the requirements of guests so that they return. Accounts – Process payments correctly and manage and analyse profits and growth. †¢ Restaurant – Provide an exceptional service to guests to ensure that their stay is pleasant and thus return. Culture Coined as â€Å"the way we do things around here† (Deal and Kennedy, 1983, p. 501), culture encompasses how an organisation is run, its â€Å"personality†, and the norms, values, beliefs and attitudes (Armstrong, 2010) that reflect the organisation’s mission, aims and goals. Four types of culture were identified by Handy (1981) Power – boss in the centre – source of power. Spider web framework. Role – each employee has job descriptions. Pyramid framework. Task – project driven. Person – individual expertise, for example, doctors. The Noke by Thistl e tends to adopt a mix of the power / role culture. Each employee has a role within a department with a job description, specifying requirements, responsibilities and boundaries. (Handy, 1993) The blend comes for example when accommodation deals with businesses are finalised by the General Manager. ACTIVITY B – REPORT TO JUSTIFY THE EXISTENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES / LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION (739 WORDS) 1. 0 Introduction Following the proposal to close reduce / close the Human Resources / Learning and Development department, this report shall highlight the needs for retaining the function by drawing on the following; The organisations strategy and how the Human Resources / Learning and Development function supports this. The strength of the support Human Resources / Learning and Development give to line managers and their staff. The following methodology was undertaken. Research into current Human Resource Management, business studies and hotel management literature in order to gain a full understanding of how the Human Resources function contributes within this industry. Examination of Thistle literature to understand what Human Resources / business planning is currently being undertaken. Interviews and discussions with the General Manager, line managers and staff to establish how the Human Resources function works within the organisation. . 0 Findings 2. 1 Strategy The organisation has a long term strategy of growing its customer base by providing further products and services, increasing their conference facilities, increasing it’s wedding sales and maximising the services available to families. With the refurbishment of Westminster Lodge, the local swimming pool and gymnasium, plans are being put together to extend the on site gymnasium Otium leisure centre. (General Manager, 2011). 2. Benefits of Human Resources / Learning and Development Staff development – Pfeffer’s (1998, cited on CIPD, 2011) research found that â€Å"the combination of a number of powerful tools and policies of human resource management, acting as a total system, produce the highest levels of employee commitment and sustained company business success. † Employee commitment is extremely evident within this organisation and it’s due to the opportunities given to employees to develop, as employee A (2011) states. I’ve just done my intermediate level Food Hygiene course. I’m able to progress within this company and ever improve. † As Line manager A (2011) reports, â€Å"we value employees and it is necessary to develop employee talents to enable us to reach organisational aims and hence optimise organisational performance. † Employee relations – employee relations involves â€Å"managing conflict situations and seeking to gain the commitment of employees to organisational goals. (Martin, Whiting and Jackson, 2010, p. 215). The organisation has practices in place, including daily meetings, departmental meetings and suggestion boxes that engage all staff and value their work and well being. Employees continually work to the organisational goals and staff turnover levels are extremely low. Reward Human Resources advise managers and employees on the reward package and have produced a section for the staff handbook to explain all aspects of this. As line Manger B (2011) commented, â€Å"Human Resources worked closely with us (accounts) to ensure that a fair pay system is being implemented. † Line Manager A (2011) also added â€Å"Human Resources attend induction programmes to explain the reward package to new employees. † 2. 3 Supporting line managers and their staff Policy and procedure advice – the support that the Human Resources function gives to line managers regarding policy and procedures gives them heightened confidence to follow it in accordance with the strategic aims of the organisation. This is echoed in their staff and thus improves the highly consistent performance of all staff. Employment Law advice – employment legislation is ever changing and staff need a specialist person to interpret these changes and ensure all staff are working in accordance with them. The provision of exchange programmes and English language training – the organisation is an equal opportunities employer and pride themselves on providing support where necessary for all members of staff. For example, where English is not an employee’s first language, providing an opportunity for the employee to attend an English language evening class. This gives employees increased confidence and further skills to work to the organisations goals. 3. 0 Conclusions Human Resources / Learning and Development highlights clear benefits for the organisation in terms of staff development, employee relations and reward that will help meet the long term needs of the organisation. Human Resources / Learning and Development provides specialist advice on policies and procedures and changing laws to support managers and staff to deliver a high quality service that both simultaneously meets the needs of customers and works towards the strategic aims of the organisation. Human Resources / Learning and Development provide the provision for exchange programmes and language training programmes in conjunction with schools and the local college to better the education of employees to work towa rds the organisation’s aims. BIBLIOGRAPHY Primary research General Manager (2011) – Interview 31st May 2011. Line Manager A (2011) – Interview 1st June 2011. Line Manager B (2011) – Interview 1st June 2011. Employee A (2011) – Interview 1st June 2011. Secondary research Handy (1993) Understanding Organisations (4th ed) Harmondsworth: Penguin. Martin, Whiting and Jackson (2010) Human Resource Practice (5th ed) London: the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development. Journals Deal, T. E. and Kennedy, A. 1983), â€Å"Culture a new look through old lenses† The Journal of Applied Behavioural Sciences, volume 19, number 4, 498-505. Websites CIPD (2011) HR in Tough Times: Adapting to a Changing World. Available: http://www. cipd. co. uk/hr-resources/research/hr-tough-times-adapting-chang. aspx [Date accessed: 29th May 2011]. CIPD (2011) Immigration Debate needs to take into account recruitment difficulties. Available: http://www. cipd. co. uk/pressoffice/_articles/24012005125239. htm ? IsSrchRes=1 [Date accessed 29th May 2011].

Early Childhood Observation

Early Childhood Observation In order to conduct the investigation based on the known Piaget experiments, one child is chosen. For the purpose of confidentiality, the name of this child is changed to Jenny. She is a five-year-old girl, the elder one among her two brothers. There are only two people in this room: the girl herself, and me, an observer and experimenter. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the afternoon of Saturday, May 16, 2009. The experiment does not take much time, as the girl demonstrates her interest and desire to communicate with a new person. The very experiment takes about 30 40 minutes. Before the experiment, her parents told that she could easy talk with unknown people, but only being in her room; this is why the place for this observation was obvious – Jenny’s room. The first experiment is connected with conservation of volume. Piaget tells a lot about the abilities of children of five and six years and admits that their abilities to conserve are not perfectly developed. â€Å"Their thought processes are dominated by the appearances of things, and they do not realize that the volume of an object may not change just because the appearance changes.† (Hobart, 155) Piaget points out that children at this age use rather primitive reasoning to answer any question and are not able to follow and think about the actions other people do. This is why Jenny does not pay attention to the volume of water, compare the forms of the glasses, or concentrate on the level of water; all she does is make conclusion visually. Jenny sees two absolutely identical glasses of water. I ask her which glass has more water; she surely answers that none, as both of them has the same volume of water. I take another, thinner and taller glass and pour water of one glass to it. The girl smiles and admits that now, there is more water in the thinne r glass. I ask her to explain why she thinks so; her answer is rather clear, because the second glass is taller. The second experiment lies in conservation of mass. I present two equal balls of clay and ask her whether they are of the same shape. The girl touches both of them in order to play a bit and puts them on the table. In several seconds, she admits that they are of the same size. However, when I roll one of them and change its form into the shape of a sausage, the child looks at them attentively and tells that the sausage is bigger than a ball because it takes more place on the table. Jenny does not take into consideration that the sausage was made of the same material, get them up in order to find out which one is harder, or pay attention that nothing is added or deleted, and, finally, she does concentrate only on its general view. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This experiment, as the previous one, proves the facts, offered by Piaget: a child at the age of 5 is disable to analyze the events, does react only on some visual changes, becomes very curious and tries to participate in everything, and cannot grasp how the objects with different forms may be equal in their weight . The third experiment helps to analyze child’s awareness of length. Piaget mentions that a child is able to notices certain changes, however, does not concentrates on details, and can easily make fast decisions. I show her two similar straws; they lie parallel to each other. After I ask whether these straws are similar, she looks at them and, in a second, gives a positive answer. Then, I put one of the straws a bit higher, and ask the same question. She tells that the end on one straw is far than the end of another straw, this is why the higher straw is longer. Her answer proves that a she concentrates on one end of the straw only and does not take any actions t o compare the sizes. It does not take much time to give the answer and follow the first impressions only. This experiment shows that Jenny is not able to conserve length and still trust her vision skills only. She may find enough reasons to prove that she is right and is ready to explain her choice. This is why it is necessary to remember one more fact regarding early childhood development: egocentric thinking, when a child is ready to tell why he/she make such choice or give such answer. The next experiment deals with number conservation. Many children, who may count, pass this test in different ways, and it is rather interesting to me how Jenny passes it. There are two rows of pennies; each of these rows contains five coins. I ask Jenny whether the number of coins is similar in both rows; Jenny counts them carefully. Her counting is certain and correct. She answers that there are 5 coins in each row, this is why she states that these rows are equal. Then, I change the space betw een each coin in own row, and it become longer. I pose the same question. According to Piaget, many children, who face some problems with conservation, give answers without counting and say that the row, where the coins are far from each other, have more coins. His experiments still prove that 50% of children may demonstrate their perfect ability to conserve. Jenny is one of those who like to count guests in her house, toys she like, etc. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Observation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is why in order to answer my question, she does not pay attention that one row in longer than another, but does start counting the coins, and gives the right answer. The facts by Piaget that children don’t use logical thinking and ground on their visual abilities to answer are proved again. Object grouping is one more experiment, Jenny is eager to participate in. We use severa l toys in her room. There are 2 dolls, 4 animals, 1 big car, and 5 flowers. I ask her to unite these toys into some groups, her division impressed me a bit. She unites 2 dolls and a big car, because she thinks that these dolls can be transferred on it. Flowers and animals create two more groups; she explains her division this way â€Å"Animals have legs, and flowers do not.† She explains everything, and her explanations sound properly. It proves one more time that fact that 5-year-old children are able to give some explanations to their answers. There is no concrete task to divide toys according their size or functions, so, she demonstrates interesting approach to this experiment. Classification may be done according to one of the following criteria: association, colour, or mobility. Piaget says that children classify objects by one single feature. To my mind, Jenny uses personal associations to each subject. For my next experiment, I choose a story and read it to Jenny. It is crucially important to pick out not too long and boring story. I create something on my own: about mother, daughter’s duties to put all her toys at their places, candies, and encouragement. While I am reading the story, I try to observe Jenny’s reaction to the events, described in the story. She listens carefully to each word and looks around, maybe, in order to check whether all her toys are on their places. After I finish reading, I ask how she finds the story. She says that she likes more the stories about adventures and sailors, she events wants to tell me another story of her own. I make an attempt to stop her and develop the conversation about my story. She says that the mother is too strict and mentions that her mother also gives her candies, when she cleans her room. Then, she starts talking about chocolate and other sweets. Of course, she does not get the very essence of the story. She remembers only some final words and the major characters, the mother and daughter. She comprehends each of my word (I try to use simple English), however, she concentrates only on those words, she is interested in. Candies turn out to be the major theme in the story. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Her discussion about candies impresses me: of course, she does not use too complicated words and tenses, however, her mimicry is great. I even think she expects that I present you another candy. Vygotsky, Piaget, and Donaldson presented absolutely different approaches to language development in children, however, each of them are connected to children language development as a social phenomenon and their talks to themselves. Jenny is eager to communicate, and her language seems to be properly developed. Piaget’s facts regarding early childhood development are easy to track during this experiment: ability to count, awareness about tenses (today, tomorrow, yesterday), ability to pronounce long sentences, the use of more or less correct grammar, awareness of antonyms – big-small, high-tall, and comprehension of the question and proper answer. All these experiments show that Jenny’s development is good in some sphere, counting for example. However, as lots of child ren, Jenny demonstrates that her visual perception of information is more important than other abilities. Approaches, offered by Piaget, help to analyze and even predict some Jenny’s reactions and admit that she turns out to be a normal child with all skills, inherent to the children at the age of five. In general, my experiment was successful; and the necessary results were achieved. Conversation with Jenny on her ‘territory’ was not complicated; and each of us was satisfied. Hobart, Christine and Frankel. Jill. A Practical Guide to Child Observation and Assessment. Nelson Thrones, 2004.

StrategicManagement Analysis of The Package Holiday Company Thomas Assignment

StrategicManagement Analysis of The Package Holiday Company Thomas Cook - Assignment Example Thomas Cook is an international operator of tours. The company stands out because of the participation of vacationers and tourists in order to ensure the vision of the company â€Å"The Whole World of Travel†. A publicist of English origin named Thomas Cook commenced the business operations back in the year 1841. The company accomplished growth at a quite higher rate in the industry of tourism through continued strategies of business. Strategies of group tourism and package tours are implemented by the company to make certain soaring share in the market and growth. The company with employee strength of 23,300 and sales of â‚ ¬7.7 billion is counted in the best three companies of travel services all over the globe and is the second best travel company in Europe (SAP, n.d.). The growth of the industry of package holiday has been quite rapid. The earlier decade has given immense chance to a lot of people to visit, travel and avail holidays at such places that were formerly accessible only by the privileged and affluent. The industry of package holiday has become an industry of multi-million pound that is operated by handful big players and numerous smaller ones. The holiday packages are structured by ‘tour operators’ who ‘bundle together’ the assorted elements of a holiday into a ‘package’. The packages are available directly as well as through travel agents as well. The industry can be aptly expressed as oligopolistic meaning ‘competition among the few. ... The industry can be aptly expressed as oligopolistic meaning ‘competition among the few’ (High Beam Research, 2011). There are essentially four companies in the industry of package holiday in the UK that carry over a million people every year (High Beam Research, 2011). The segmentation of the package holiday industry of the UK is shown in the model below: Category %Population Groups Wealthy Achievers 25.1 1. Wealthy Executives 2. Affluent Greys 3. Flourishing Families Urban Prosperity 10.7 1. Prosperous Professionals 2. Educated Urbanites 3. Aspiring Singles Comfortably Off 26.6 1. Starting Out 2. Secure Families 3. Settled Suburbia 4. Prudent Pensioners Moderate Means 14.5 1. Asian Communities 2. Post Industrial Families 3. Blue Collar Roots Hard Pressed 22.4 1. Struggling Families 2. Burdened Singles 3. High Rise Hardship 4. Inner City Adversity Source: (Williams, 2008) The reason behind choosing the company Thomas Cook is its international popularity. 2. Task A 2.1 P ESTEL Analysis Political Severe laws of immigration and tight security as an outcome of terror attacks If few of the destinations are kept off-limits by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, then the people visiting there will be refused insurance by the travel insurers Political instability affects package holidays Policies of taxation on tourism imposed by other countries affect the industry of package holiday (Scribd, n.d.) Economical A critical role is played by the exchange rates in the trade of package holiday. Greater stability in the exchange rates would have a constructive impact on the package holidays Globalisation has a good impact on package holiday as more companies are entering new markets Recession affects the industry of package holiday

Evaluate the transition from oil based world economy to an economy Essay

Evaluate the transition from oil based world economy to an economy driven by alternative energy sources - Essay Example Further, there have been adverse effects on the environment from using oil. In the last fifty years, industrialization across the world has led to increases in carbon emission, depletion of the ozone layer, melting of ice caps and a general decrease in the quality of life. Besides this, oil is a non-renewable resource. This means that its quantities on earth are limited and will at some point be depleted. This makes the use of oil as a source of energy unsustainable and unreliable. Herald (12) uses the phrase ‘Peak Oil’ to describe the time when the world will reach its peak oil production. This will subsequently lead to decline in oil production and the rise in oil prices, causing a significant, yet unpredictable impact. At the moment, some of these consequences are already being experienced in the world. The amount of oil being produced surpasses the amount of new oil supplies being discovered. This indicates that the peak oil stage is fast approaching. With these fact s in mind, there is a greater need to shift the world economy to one that is dependent on renewable energy sources that can be replenished and which do not harm the environment. The following is an evaluation of the significance of this transition and its link to the economic and political processes of the world and the effects of this new venture on the world climate. To avert the effects of oil shortage on the world economy, there have been collaborative efforts to focus on alternative energy sources. These are other sources of energy besides fossil fuels. According to Michaelides (20), what constitutes to an alternative energy source is still being debated. However, the idea behind the term refers to any energy source that is environmentally friendly and not necessarily renewable. Some of these sources include wind, solar, ethanol, hydroelectric power, geothermal power and nuclear energy. These sources have enormous potential and they are able to meet the world energy demands man y times over. Their uptake despite being on the increase over the years has not yet surpassed that of traditional energy sources. Combined, these sources contribute up to only 20 percent of the world energy demand currently. Wind has been one of the best alternative sources which have become a competitive energy source in the world. It is preferred because is clean energy source and produces no pollution in generating power. Its rebirth was particularly focused on after the 1970 oil crisis. This saw a lot of research being conducted to harness wind and to improve wind turbines. Much more needs to be done to promote the use of wind energy such as the reduction of the cost of equipment, better policies to address the competitive land use and availability of distribution and transmission channels. Energy generation from wind is facing a challenge because it relies on high wind speeds, a factor which is not easily attained in densely populated regions. To tackle this hurdle, countries s uch as the Netherlands are opting to set up wind stations in areas which are far from the population although this requires for increase in distribution costs. Some of the countries that have fronted wind energy and encouraged its use include Spain, USA, Denmark and Germany. Wind energy is fast growing as a replacement for oil and these governments are giving incentives to encourage this

GBST Reading Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GBST Reading Summary - Assignment Example In Amoral Familism, corruption is an aspect involving particularism, wherein providing resources, one believes it is only to those that the person feels obligated to (Harrison and Huntington, 2013), with nepotism as its most expressed form. Majorities of market forms are established on universalism and not particularism; hence, corruption does not sustain such market values. Similarly, corruption is equally attributed to religion and culture, based on the perspective that certain cultural and religious settings influence the occurrences of corruption. For example, from social science consensus, it is evident that religion is a significant determinant of varied secular cultures such as protestant-dominated environments having an increase in corruption compared to those with least domination of Protestants (Umphlett, 1985). Such a point of view is because protectants in contrast to other Christianity denominations believe that the ability to avoid sin is a personal issue, and each has the ability of so doing. The link between Protestants and corruption goes a long way to affect the economic developments of such areas. Considerably, the relationship between Protestantism and perceptions of corruption indicate that such a relationship enhances in the control of per capita income. Such an indication shows that higher corruption-prone areas influences higher economic development of the individuals participating in the corrupt dealings (Harrison and Huntington, 2013), according to the article â€Å"Religion, Culture (Kent, 2008), and Corruption.† In the contrary to â€Å"Amoral Familism,† ties that are most important and significant are those between families, as in a mother and her child. It is considered that such close ties, are the ones most responsible for influencing corruption through elements such as nepotism, and not ties of the

Growth Strategies Of Kelloggs, India

Growth Strategies Of Kelloggs, India This report aims at discussing and evaluating the growth strategies adopted by Kelloggs in India. Kelloggs is a universal brand operating in about 160 countries having its manufacturing plant in more than 16 countries to produce breakfast cereals, snack and other confectionary. Kelloggs marked its presence in the Indian market in 1994 to increase its business as it saw huge potential growth owing to Indias large population and growth in economy. This report will analyse the main challenges that the company is facing now in India. Further the report aims at recommending and justifying the actions that Kelloggs should take in India to maintain their market leadership. The present day multi-national food empire of cereals was accidentally discovered by William Kellogg in Michigan, USA in 1870s. On February 19, 1906, W. K. Kelloggs officially filed the papers and incorporated the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flakes Company which later came to be known as Kelloggs. Kelloggs India has gone a remarkable growth from 1994 to the present day. To analyse the growth strategy of Kelloggs, various strategical theories can be used like Ansoff Growth theory, the 4ps of marketing, Product development process, etc. In the initial stage Kelloggs entered the Indian market in the year 1994 with three varieties of cornflakes. Then Kelloggs improved its growth strategy by changing the packaging and product to be more attractive to the targeted consumers. The company chased through the process of product development and diversification. To understand it we have to follow the Ansoffs Matrix. By adding ethnic flavours like coconut and mango, Kelloggs embarked on the process of the product development. Product development is a necessary growth strategy and can be compared with the strategy of market penetration. Kelloggs strategy becomes more effective due to the fact that the organisation not only embarked on product development with just a particular aim in mind in fact Kelloggs early entry in the Indian market draws more attention towards the customers needs. Diversification is being demonstrated by Kelloggs when it introduced its products like Sunrich and Cheez-it which were made focussing more on the impulse food rather than the breakfast cereals. The process of diversification helps an organisation to represent its brand name more widely and to decrease the risk of focussing heavily on individual market. Regardless of various attempts and strategies the products of Kelloggs were not successful. The Marketing Mix and the 4Ps of Marketing:- Neil Borden brought up the concept of the concept of the 4ps in 1964 (Adcock et al 2001) which include Product, Price, Place and promotion. These are broadly being used by the different companies to take strategic marketing decisions to develop product to satisfy customers requirements, the right price, taking the product to the right place and then promote it. 1 Product:- Products means the actual product or service that the company offers to its consumers. According to (Levitt, 1969). People do not buy products, they buy the expectation of benefits. It is the benefits that are the product. Kelloggs paid much focus on the products as it continuously changed its product. It introduced flavour like coconut and mango in its cereal products for the Indian taste. The company changed the packaging to attract the target customers. Even some of the products were given the Indian names. 2 Price:- Price provide revenue. Kelloggs has always faced problems for Price in India as Indian masses couldnt afford its products. In 1994, when Kelloggs entered India the average cost of its product was INR 21 per 100gm compared to Mohans INR 16.50 per 100gm (Vasudha, 2009). Rather than offering customers small packages of its products, Kelloggs didnt do much in reducing its price. Place:- Place implies distribution through various medium like supermarkets, offices, grocery shops etc. Kelloggs has over 200 distributors in India which has made its distribution quite efficient. While operating in India, it used to launch a new product every month to target the Indian customers. Promotion:- This strategy is used by the companies to let people know what they are offering to them with an intention to make them buy and use their products. It involves commercial ads, sales promotion etc. Kelloggs used a lot of promotion techniques to promote its products like sponsoring school programmes, associating itself with JWT ad agency, movies like Spiderman 2 etc. to boost its brand and sales of its products. To understand the various Challenges, various opportunities and threats that Kelloggs now face in India can be done by examining the external environment of Kelloggs. To understand it the PESTEL Analysis, SWOT Analysis and the PORTERS 5 GENERIC FORCES have been analysed. PESTEL ANALYSIS:- Political: The political challenges and threats Kelloggs is facing results from the rising ethnic conflicts in the disturbed areas of India like Kashmir and the other regions of it. According to the latest report of IFC and the World Bank, India is being ranked I34 in the list of Ease of Doing Business 2011. Further Indian Governments policy under Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (1973), which requires foreign investing companies to dilute their equity holdings to 40% act as a political challenge to it. Economic: According to the CIA Factbook 2001, about 1/4th of Indian population lies below poverty line. Kelloggs products are quite high priced. No doubt the Indian economy is booming as one of the largest economies of the world, still people feel price reluctant to buy Kelloggs product. Further being a huge country, there is a huge difference in the spending power of the people. Social: Difficulty in understanding the mindset of different geographical segment of customers i.e. Indian customers, e.g. Indians misunderstood how to eat cereals with cold milk. Instead, they used to take it with hot milk and thus make it soggy. People prefer the traditional Indian breakfast dishes. But still people are changing their traditional way to more global cultural traits owing to the factors like health benefits, Getting in Shape predominantly among women, increment in the awareness of convenient foods and growing concern for the deficiency of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients especially among the kids. Technological:- The increasing use of the internet provides a useful medium for communication. Consumers remain up to date of the global trends. Environmental:- India is a vast country which requires a widespread and well set up distribution infrastructure. SWOT Analysis:- . Strength:- Kelloggs is a leading brand with international quality standards. Kelloggs strength includes its advertising campaigns. It is the first manufacturer with the highest experience of ready to eat breakfast cereals which gives it a competitive advantage over the new companies. Kelloggs has a great distribution channel that help its products to reach the target consumers. It has a wide range of innovative, nutritional and convenience products that helps it to suit a range of customer taste and preferences. WEAKNESS:- Kelloggs failed to analyse the taste of customers culturally and biologically. E.g. Northern Indians used to eat Paranthas and South Indians used to eat Idli/Dosa. A complete and thorough Indian market research was needed before introducing Kelloggs in India. Its high prices act as a weakness as most of the Indian masses find it difficult to afford it. It did not succeed in repositioning itself as a convenience food company. E.g. its product Cheez-It was far away from breakfast and was an impulse food, therefore a different strategy was required for it. The fluctuating oil prices, non availability of good power supply hinders Kelloggs to lower its prices. Porters 5 Forces: Threat of New Entrants:- Multinationals like Heinz, Nestle etc. have entered in Indian market owing to its potential growth. So threat of entry is high. Threat of Substitute product:- Threat is medium owing to local breakfast meals. Rivalry:- Threat is low as there as just a few competitors for Kelloggs. Suppliers bargaining power:- Low threat as suppliers have more opportunity to bargain in terms new organisation entering the market. Buyers bargaining power:- High threat as buyers have an open option to buy from other organisation like Heinz etc. Recommendations and Justifications:- On the bases of above report following recommendations can be given to the organisation:- Kelloggs should spotlight more on the market research and monitoring before launching any product or conducting any other activity. This is quite important as India is a huge market place with diversity in terms of costumers spending power. Kelloggs should increase its communication channels so as to address the huge population of India. Further one of the main challenges for Kelloggs is to find product to suit well to the Indian taste. It should find products that could appeal well to the Indian masses. Kelloggs should collaborate with other small local companies of India which can lead to saving its costs and adding constancy to its productions. As India is one of the booming economies of the world with a vast potential of growth, so Kelloggs moving to Indian market is fully justified. Its entrance in the Indian market was not quite easy as it had to suffer huge loss due to unacceptance of its products by the Indian masses. Kelloggs used a lot of innovative strategies to remain in the Indian market. There are a lot of challenges which Kellogs has to face in India like fluctuating oil prices, repositioning its brand correctly, conducting good market analysis and monitoring the Indian culture, taste and price sensitive market.

William Shakespeares Hamlet :: Excessive Thought in Hamlet

Books upon books have been written about Shakespeare’s Hamlet. About an equal number of books, however, have been written about one character; Hamlet. A critic of Hamlet once said, â€Å"a man set out to read all the books about Hamlet would have time to read nothing else, not even Hamlet.† What is the great fascination with Hamlet and the characters contained within. The great intrigue comes from the ambiguity of the play and it’s characters. â€Å"Hamlet is the tragedy of reflection. The cause of the hero’s delay is irresolution; and the cause of this is excess of the reflexive and speculative habit of the mind.† (Halliday. 217) The reason that there are so many critics is that there are just as many theories and speculations. Even in the twentieth century on could create or â€Å"discover† a new theory or criticism based on the play or it’s characters. The character Hamlet, alone, has over two dozen critics from Quinn to Coler idge. Some critics come up with sane interpretations of Hamlet while others use wild and crazy themes. Some conclude that the problem with Hamlet, and a classic thesis used by many students, is insanity versus sanity. The theories progress from there. The theories range from manic-depressant to homosexual. Some are even very creative; such as the thesis that Hamlet is actually a female raised as a male. But no matter how many theories, speculations, or thesis there are, many hold some ground. This thesis paper will not stress on any of the statements I have listed above. However, I will take a stand with Coleridge and speak about Hamlet’s genius and cognitive activity. Hamlet’s true dilemma is not one of sanity -Vs- insanity; but one pressing his intellectual capacity. Being a scholar, Hamlet is prone to thought rather than actions. â€Å"Cause of Hamlet’s destiny. . . in intellectual terms . . . is a tragedy . . . of excessive thought.† (Mack. 43) Hamlet ’s role was to make a transcendental move from scholarly prince to man of action. Hopefully this report will help open another, or even stress a classic, view as to Hamlet’s character and his prolonged delay. When a student goes to write about Hamlet’s character they often begin by hitting a wall. Not the usual writers block in which the mind goes blank, but one of information loaded upon information.

Human Society

In discussion of inhumane treatment, a controversial issue is whether animals are entitled to their rights. While some argue that only humans have rights, others contend that animals should have the same privileges as humans. The author of â€Å"A Change of Heart about Animals,† Jeremy Rifkin, claims that animals should have better treatment. Rifkin rhetorically changes one’s view on this subject without the consent of the reader. Rifkin begins by showing the animals’ human qualities, then giving a counter statement to common objections, and finally ends it by utilizing negative language. Rifkin’s expressive strategy is to note the similarities between animals and humans. Rifkin mentions Koko, a 300-pound gorilla. Koko was able to learn sign language and yet some people never even learn how to communicate in sign language. Rifkin also notes the similarity between rats and humans. He states, â€Å"Recent studies in the brain chemistry of rats show that when they play, their brains release large amounts of dopamine, a petrochemical associated with pleasure and excitement in human beings. Rifkin shows that not only do animals have the ability to learn the things we do, but also have some features that we do. After providing the analogy between the two, Rifkin anticipated that many people would view animals as one of them. The result is that to believe that animals are not any different than us, so they shouldn’t be in the brutal situations they face every day. It also, makes much more likely to accept the statement he makes based on the similarities he provides, that we must work to increase the benevolent treatment of animals. Among Rifkin’s subtly persuasive strategies is to denote the common objections and give a counter statement. Jeremy Rifkin for showing us that science supports what we pet owners and animal rights activists have known in our hearts all along: animals have feelings and abilities not very different from humans. When will more people begin to realize that we share this world with many creatures deserving of our care and respect? Animals have a right to live without being confined, exploited, and tormented.

The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Essays

The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Essays The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Paper The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Paper Ecotourism was first put frontward by the particular advisor of IUCN, H A · Ceballos Lascurain in1983. It was non merely refers to all the natural scenery of the journey, but besides emphasized that the scenery should non be lost. Ecotourism, as a new type of touristry has become a hot subject for argument. To understand nature, enjoy nature, protect nature and non destruct the ecological balance is really of import. Tourists in natural, reliable, perfect scenery can enlighten and sublimate the head. There are many different benefits and impacts from ecotourism if people use it as a tool to do money or do other things. Because of this, people should raise of public consciousness to protect it. Further more, there are many plans aimed at advancing it, including universe organisations and local organisations. Ecotourism, responsible touristry, A jungle touristry and sustainable development have become prevailing constructs since the late eightiess, and ecotourism has experienced arguably the fastest growing of all sub-sectors in the touristry industry. The popularity represents a alteration in tourer perceptual experiences, increased environmental consciousness, and a desire to research natural environment ( Randall, A. 1987, 55 ) The country this study will concentrate on is Malaysia, which is one of the states in Southeast Asia. Malaysia s natural landscape lends itself rather of course to eco-tourism. Visitors are able to plunge themselves in the many rainforest militias and well-sign aged Parkss throughout the state. There is truly no better topographic point in the universe to see alien vegetations and zoologies in their pristine tropical environment, so up near and personal! ( About-Malaysia, n. vitamin D ) About 75 % of Malaysia s land country is still forest, and about 60 % of it that is origin rain forest. In one meeting, Malaysia promised to maintain more than 50 % rain forests in the universe. As one of the diverse states in the universe, Malaysia has at least 15000 species of flowers and 286 species of mammals, etc. In recent old ages, many developing states have used the foreign net incomes from the ecotourism to protect the rain forest. Ecotourism is going the 2nd of import industry for the Malayan economic system. It has been said that Malaysia additions RM655 million per twelvemonth from ecotourism. Even so, there is still more to be done. Peoples need to cognize its pros and cons, at the same clip ; people should hold greater consciousness of it. Body There are so many Parkss for people to hold out-of-door activities in rain forest. Main Parkss are: Gunung Kinabalu, Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Taman Negara Pahang, Endau-Rompin Gunung, Mulu National Park. Ecotourism is caused by the deterioration of environment and the environmental motion development. It besides needs public consciousness to maintain the nature balance. The rain forest in Malaysia is the oldest wood in the universe so that demand more careless and more notice. More people have no instruction, which causes them has no consciousness that protect the rain forest. It is reported that the degree of young person consciousness based on their educational background and cognition ( wcyf2009, n.d ) . As worlds, everybody should hold the responsibility to analyze good and value the ecology. Malaysia has decided to concentrate on ecotourism as the future way in touristry development in order to make greater consciousness among the universe community on the importance of conserving the natural and cultural heritage, Tourism Minister Leo Michael Toyad said in his written address in the concluding twenty-four hours of the International Media and Environment Summit ( IMES ) . ( R edorbit, Saturday, 3 December 2005, 09:00 CST ) which is claimed that authorities has already paid attending to the ecotourism that is incorporating rain forest. Rainforest belongs to everyone, but more and more rain forests are being destroyed by the people who are selfish. Harmonizing to the study, 80 % of the rain forests belong to the populace, but community, personal and corporate proprietor ship and direction in increasing. Therefore, they treat the rain forest random so that there are many rainforest fade off. On the other manus, some rain forest besides under the influence of natural forces, such as fire, drouth and storm. Even so, it can normally through the ecological system of residuary life and rapid sketch, which is different topographic point with semisynthetic devastation. To sum up, everyone should derive more consciousness about rain forest and do nature more beautiful. The rain forest in Malaysia is progressing society, economic system and environmental issues. It besides provides many new opportunities for the investing and employment so that more people have their ain wage and more companies have been run. Furthermore, the development of rain forest keeps the nature balance. Rainforest would derive visitants interesting and gratifying experiences every bit good as the chance to appreciate the natural environment and observation birds. The natural is really beautiful and pleasant to people s eyes. Peoples will experience relaxed when they hear the birds vocalizing and see the natural scenery. It non merely helps to dirty and biological growing, besides has the map of modulating clime. Rainforest helps Malaysia develop the economic system and raise financess. It appealed to more people s attending and travel to there to see the natural. ( See table 2 ) Comparison with 1986 to 1990, the plans of allotment has a important addition from 1991 to 1995, which is besides a ground for why so many visitants go to Malaysia. Rainforest is good for people healthy and can salvage more wildlife. it offers tourists a scope of activities in which they may prosecute to see and to the full appreciate the ecotourism experience such as caving, hike, jungle trekking, white H2O rafting, stone mounting, bird observation, plunging and river cruising. ( touristry, n. vitamin D ) Rainforest is a good topographic point for cultivating people s moral character. The tabular array i1i?†°is about the development allotment for touristry Under 50 and 60 Malaysia programs plans Fifth program ( 1986-1990 ) Sixth program ( 1991-1995 ) allotment outgo allotment Preservation of national/historical heritage 1.5 0.7 4.1 Tourist adjustment 2.0 0.0 171.7 Beautification and environmental protection 2.5 2.5 43.6 Cultural merchandise development 2.5 2.5 112.9 Facilities and substructure 79.2 76.7 157.4 other 52.8 49.7 7.2 entire 140.5 132.1 533.9 ( www.unescap.org.2010, Mohd Nawayai Yasak, n.d, 85 ) Although rain forest has big returns for Malaysia, it still confronting many negative impacts -including the people was enforced to go forth their places and their rights are violated. It besides causes many environmental jeopardies. Anything about ecotourism may impact the sustainable development of society. The system of it has fiscal and political influence. there is a tenseness in this relationship because eco-tourism frequently causes struggle and alterations in land-use rights, fails to present promises of community-level benefits, amendss environments, and has plentifulness of other societal impacts. ( no day of the month, wikipedia ) Ecotourism sometimes fail to acquire the end of environment protection. Although it survives for little groups, it besides causes many force per unit areas on the local environment and necessitate another investing for the base installing. If it has weak substructure, the H2O pollution and air pollution will no ways to work out so that ecotour ism besides leaves behind rubbish and pollution, Through the sustainable development of agribusiness save rain forest which is going a major issue in this universe. As people increased consciousness, more and more people arrival to Malaysia for a better life. Visitor s reachings have steadily increased from 1987 to 2007. ( See table 2 ) While advancing the natural attractive forces in the state to tourers, the Malayan Government besides realizes the importance of sustainable touristry and of equilibrating preservation and development. As such, the Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, has adopted the National Ecotourism Plan ( NEP ) to supply policies and guidelines for the painstaking development of ecotourism.A A ( touristry, 200810. ) In Malaya, both local and authorities can set the engineering to the local people s agricultural undertakings to advancing the sustainable of rain forest. Through the agribusiness can avoid wholly destroy rain forest, the system of agribusiness and forestry can keep rainforest system, dirt and biologica l diverseness to a higher degree of ordinary agricultural engineering. The agribusiness engineering can be applied to larger rain forest and old ages of workss in yearly, at the same clip, the direction and cost may increase, the negative factors may countervail the income of variegation and maintain the map of rain forest. A The tablei2i?†° is about International Arrivals in Malaysia ( Tourism Malaysia website.2010 ) A A Decision In amount up, rainforest in Malaysia is good for the environment, civilization, economic system and people s healthy. Rainforests represent a shop of life and take a breathing renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtuousness of their profusion in both carnal and works species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the endurance and wellbeing of world. ( rain-tree, 2010/03/20 ) Therefore people need more public consciousness to protect it and believe out more ways to work out the jobs about nature balance. Ecotourism is most of import portion in people s support. In order to halt pollution, people should cover with it more careful. Appendix ( The chief Parkss in Malaysia )